WASHINGTON -- The United States 和中国 signed an initial trade deal on Wednesday that will roll back some 关税s and boost Chinese purchases of U.S. 产品, defusing an 18-month row between the world's two largest economies but leaving a number of sore spots unresolved.

Beijing and Washington touted the "Phase 1" agreement as a step forward after months of start-stop talks, 投资者对这一消息松了一口气. 但也有人怀疑美国是否会采取行动.S.现在，中美贸易关系正在稳步好转.

The deal fails to address structural economic issues that led to the trade conflict, doesn't fully eliminate the 关税s that have slowed the global economy, 并设定了难以实现的采购目标, 分析师和行业领袖表示.

While acknowledging the need for further negotiations with China to solve a host of other problems, U.S. President Donald 特朗普 hailed the agreement as a win for the U.S. 经济和他的政府的贸易政策.

”在一起, we are righting the wrongs of the past and delivering a future of economic justice and security for American workers, 农民和家庭," 特朗普 said in rambling remarks at the White House alongside U.S. 和中国官员.

Chinese Vice Premier Liu He read a letter from President Xi Jinping in which the Chinese leader praised the deal as a sign the two countries could resolve their differences with dialogue.

The centerpiece of the deal is a pledge by China to purchase at least an additional $200 billion worth of U.S. farm 产品 and other 货物 and services over two years, 超过2017年1860亿美元购买量的基线, 白宫表示.

Commitments include $54 billion in additional energy purchases, 780亿美元的额外制造业采购, 农产品增加320亿美元, 还有380亿美元的服务业, according to a deal document released by the White House.

制成品包括机动车辆, 工业机械, 电气设备, 医药产品, 飞机, 钢铁、光学和医疗器械.

刘说，中国公司将购买400亿美元的美国股票.S. agricultural 产品 annually over the next two years "based on market conditions." Beijing had balked at committing to buy set amounts of U.S. farm 货物 earlier, and has inked new soybean contracts with Brazil since the trade war started.

Key world stock market indexes climbed to new records on hopes the deal would reduce tensions, but oil prices slid on doubts the pact will spur world economic growth and boost crude demand.

大豆期货，交易价格为0.4 percent lower throughout much of the deal signing ceremony, 在刘的言论之后，这一数字进一步下跌, a sign that 农民 and traders were dubious about the purchase goals.

The deal doesn't end retaliatory 关税s on American farm exports, makes 农民 "increasingly reliant" on Chinese state-controlled purchases, 也没有提到“重大的结构性变化”,米歇尔·埃里克森-琼斯, a wheat farmer and spokeswoman for Farmers for Free Trade, 在声明中说.

特朗普 and his economic advisers had pledged to attack Beijing's long-standing practice of propping up state-owned companies, and flooding international markets with low-priced 货物 as the trade war heated up.

尽管这笔交易可能会提振美国经济.S. 农民, 汽车制造商和重型设备制造商, some analysts question China's ability to divert imports from other trading partners to the United States.

“我认为中国支出不太可能发生根本性转变. 我对完成既定目标的期望不高,吉姆·保尔森说, chief investment strategist at Leuthold Group in Minneapolis. "But I do think the whole negotiation has moved the football forward for both the U.S. 和中国."

特朗普, who has embraced an "America First" policy aimed at rebalancing global trade in favor of U.S. 公司和工人, said China had pledged action to confront the problem of pirated or counterfeited 货物, and that the Phase 1 deal included strong protection of intellectual property rights.

Earlier, top White House economic adviser Larry Kudlow told Fox 新闻 the agreement would add 0.美国经济下滑5个百分点.S. 2020年和2021年的国内生产总值增长.

Aviation industry sources said Boeing was expected to win a major order for wide-body jets from China, 包括波音787和777-9机型, 或者两者的混合. 这样的交易可能会缓解787梦想客机的压力, which has suffered from a broad downturn in demand for large jets, forcing the planemaker to trim production late last year.

关税将继续存在

The Phase 1 deal, reached in December, canceled planned U.S. 关税s on Chinese-made cellphones, toys and laptop computers and halved the 关税 rate to 7.5 percent on about $120 billion worth of other Chinese 货物, 包括平板电视, 蓝牙耳机和鞋类.

But it will leave in place 25 percent 关税s on a vast, $250 billion array of Chinese industrial 货物 and components used by U.S. manufacturers, 和中国's retaliatory 关税s on over $100 billion in U.S. 货物.

Market turmoil and reduced investment tied to the trade war cut global growth in 2019 to its lowest rate since the 2008-2009 financial crisis, 国际货币基金组织(imf)去年10月表示.

对中国进口商品加征关税已使美国损失惨重.S. 公司460亿美元. Evidence is mounting that 关税s have raised input costs for U.S. 制造商的竞争力受到侵蚀.

Diesel engine maker Cummins Inc said on Tuesday that the deal will leave it paying $150 million in 关税s for engines and castings that it produces in China. It urged the parties to take steps to eliminate all the 关税s.

特朗普, who has been touting the Phase 1 deal as a pillar of his 2020 re-election campaign, said he would agree to remove the remaining 关税s once the two sides had negotiated a "Phase 2" agreement. 他补充说，这些谈判将很快开始.

“一旦我们完成第二阶段，它们就会全部脱落,特朗普说。, who added that he would visit China in the not-too-distant future.